Blockchain technology has emerged as a transformative digital infrastructure for addressing critical challenges in agricultural food supply chains, including lack of transparency, food fraud, and inefficient traceability systems. This review paper critically examines the current applications of blockchain technology in agriculture, with particular emphasis on its role in strengthening supply chain transparency, enhancing farm-to-fork traceability, and ensuring food safety. The study synthesizes existing literature on blockchain-enabled solutions such as distributed ledger traceability platforms, smart contracts for automated compliance and payments, and integration with Internet of Things (IoT) devices and Artificial Intelligence (AI) for real-time monitoring. Key case studies, including Walmart's IBM Food Trust initiative, demonstrate the practical viability of blockchain in reducing food recall times from days to seconds. Despite its considerable promise, widespread blockchain adoption in agriculture remains constrained by high implementation costs, scalability limitations, regulatory ambiguities, and the digital divide among smallholder farmers. This review identifies major opportunities and future research directions to advance blockchain deployment in building more transparent, resilient, and sustainable agricultural food systems.

Keywords: Blockchain Technology; Food Supply Chain; Agricultural Traceability; Smart Contracts; Food Safety.