Agroecology has emerged as a transformative framework for redesigning agricultural systems that integrate ecological principles with sustainable farming practices. This review examines recent research developments (2020–2025) in agroecological approaches, encompassing diversified cropping systems, biological pest management, soil health enhancement, agroforestry, climate-smart agriculture, and the integration of digital technologies. Evidence from large-scale field trials demonstrates that agroecological practices enhance biodiversity, improve soil organic carbon, increase pollinator populations, and strengthen crop resilience against climate variability. However, economic viability often depends on policy support and agri-environmental subsidies. The review highlights the role of integrated pest management within a One Health framework, the carbon sequestration potential of agroforestry systems, and emerging precision agroecology tools incorporating IoT sensors and artificial intelligence. Future research priorities include long-term field experiments, scaling strategies for smallholder systems, and enabling policy frameworks to facilitate the widespread transition to sustainable farming.

Keywords: Agroecology; Sustainable agriculture; Climate-smart farming; Biodiversity conservation; Soil health.